diff --git a/cms/admin/src/App.tsx b/cms/admin/src/App.tsx
index 0322600..8cdadf0 100644
--- a/cms/admin/src/App.tsx
+++ b/cms/admin/src/App.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { useState, useEffect } from 'react'
+import { Articles } from './Articles'
 
 const API_BASE = '' // 同域，相对路径
 const SIDEBAR = [
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ export default function App(){
         {cur==='methods' && <Methods token={token} />}
         {cur==='services' && <Services token={token} />}
         {cur==='cases' && <Cases token={token} />}
-        {cur==='articles' && <Articles token={token} />}
+        {cur==='articles' && <Articles token={token} api={api} />}
         {cur==='selfcheck' && <SelfCheck token={token} />}
         {cur==='diag_q' && <DiagQ token={token} />}
         {cur==='diag_config' && <DiagConfig token={token} />}
@@ -235,24 +236,6 @@ function Cases({token}:{token:string}){
     </div>
   </>
 }
-function Articles({token}:{token:string}){
-  const [list,setList]=useState<any[]>([]); const [f,setF]=useState<any>({status:'published'}); const [editing,setEditing]=useState(false)
-  useEffect(()=>{api('/api/cms/articles',token).then(j=> setList(j.data||[]))},[])
-  const save=()=>api(editing?'/api/cms/articles/'+f.id:'/api/cms/articles',token,{method:editing?'PUT':'POST',body:JSON.stringify(f)}).then(j=>{if(j.code===0){const saved={...f,id:editing?f.id:j.data?.id};setList(editing?list.map(x=>x.id===saved.id?saved:x):[...list,saved]);setF({status:'published'});setEditing(false);alert('保存成功')}else alert(j.msg||'保存失败')})
-  return <>
-    <div className="card"><h3>文章列表</h3><table className="table"><thead><tr><th>标题</th><th>分类</th><th>推荐权重</th><th>状态</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{list.map(a=> <tr key={a.id}><td>{a.title}</td><td>{a.category}</td><td>{a.recommend_weight}</td><td>{a.status}</td><td><button onClick={()=>{setF({...a});setEditing(true)}}>编辑</button> <button onClick={()=>{if(confirm('删除?')) api('/api/cms/articles/'+a.id,token,{method:'DELETE'}).then(j=>{if(j.code===0)setList(list.filter(x=>x.id!==a.id))})}}>删除</button></td></tr>)}</tbody></table></div>
-    <div className="card"><h3>{editing?'编辑文章':'新增文章'}（富文本）</h3>
-      <div className="field"><label>标题*</label><input value={f.title||''} onChange={e=> setF({...f,title:e.target.value})}/></div>
-      <div className="form-row"><div className="field"><label>路径标识（slug）</label><input value={f.slug||''} onChange={e=>setF({...f,slug:e.target.value})}/></div><div className="field"><label>分类</label><input value={f.category||''} onChange={e=>setF({...f,category:e.target.value})}/></div></div>
-      <div className="field"><label>摘要</label><textarea value={f.subtitle||''} onChange={e=>setF({...f,subtitle:e.target.value})}/></div>
-      <div className="field"><label>正文（富文本 HTML）</label><textarea value={f.content_html||''} onChange={e=> setF({...f,content_html:e.target.value})} /></div>
-      <Upload token={token} onUrl={url=> setF({...f,cover_url:url})} />
-      {f.cover_url && <img src={f.cover_url} style={{width:120,height:80,objectFit:'cover'}}/>}
-      <div className="form-row"><div className="field"><label>状态</label><select value={f.status||'published'} onChange={e=> setF({...f,status:e.target.value})}><option value="published">published</option><option value="draft">draft</option></select></div><div className="field"><label>推荐权重</label><input type="number" value={f.recommend_weight||0} onChange={e=> setF({...f,recommend_weight:Number(e.target.value)})}/></div></div>
-      <button className="btn" onClick={save}>{editing?'保存修改':'新增文章'}</button>{editing&&<button className="btn btn-ghost" style={{marginLeft:8}} onClick={()=>{setF({status:'published'});setEditing(false)}}>取消编辑</button>}
-    </div>
-  </>
-}
 function SelfCheck({token}:{token:string}){
   const [f,setF]=useState<any>({})
   useEffect(()=>{api('/api/cms/self-check',token).then(j=> setF(j.data||{}))},[])
diff --git a/cms/admin/src/Articles.tsx b/cms/admin/src/Articles.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa1c164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cms/admin/src/Articles.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
+
+type Api = (path: string, token: string, opts?: RequestInit) => Promise<any>
+type Row = {
+  id: string; slug: string; title: string; subtitle?: string; category?: string; cover_url?: string; publish_time?: string
+  recommend_weight?: number; status: string; source_system?: string | null; created_at?: string; updated_at?: string; body_length?: number
+}
+type Draft = { id?: string; title: string; slug: string; subtitle: string; category: string; cover_url: string; body_plain: string; publish_time: string; recommend_weight: number; status: string; fromSystem?: boolean }
+
+const SITE = 'https://www.ameiba.cn'
+const STATUS: Record<string, string> = { published: '已发布', draft: '未发布' }
+
+/** ISO time -> value for a datetime-local input, in the admin's own time zone. */
+function toInput(value?: string | null) {
+  if (!value) return ''
+  const date = new Date(value)
+  if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return ''
+  const pad = (n: number) => String(n).padStart(2, '0')
+  return `${date.getFullYear()}-${pad(date.getMonth() + 1)}-${pad(date.getDate())}T${pad(date.getHours())}:${pad(date.getMinutes())}`
+}
+function toText(value?: string | null) {
+  if (!value) return '—'
+  const date = new Date(value)
+  return Number.isNaN(date.getTime()) ? value : date.toLocaleString('zh-CN', { year: 'numeric', month: '2-digit', day: '2-digit', hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' })
+}
+const empty = (): Draft => ({ title: '', slug: '', subtitle: '', category: '', cover_url: '', body_plain: '', publish_time: '', recommend_weight: 0, status: 'published' })
+
+/** 认知观察: search, filter, publish or take offline, edit, and delete one or many. */
+export function Articles({ token, api }: { token: string; api: Api }) {
+  const [rows, setRows] = useState<Row[]>([])
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
+  const [query, setQuery] = useState('')
+  const [status, setStatus] = useState('all')
+  const [source, setSource] = useState('all')
+  const [selected, setSelected] = useState<string[]>([])
+  const [editing, setEditing] = useState<Draft | null>(null)
+  const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false)
+  const [notice, setNotice] = useState<{ text: string; error?: boolean } | null>(null)
+
+  const load = async () => {
+    setLoading(true)
+    const j = await api('/api/cms/articles', token)
+    if (j.code === 0) setRows(j.data || []); else setNotice({ text: j.msg || '文章列表读取失败', error: true })
+    setLoading(false)
+  }
+  useEffect(() => { void load() }, [])
+  useEffect(() => { if (!notice || notice.error) return; const t = window.setTimeout(() => setNotice(null), 2500); return () => window.clearTimeout(t) }, [notice])
+
+  const shown = useMemo(() => rows.filter(r =>
+    (status === 'all' || r.status === status)
+    && (source === 'all' || (source === 'system') === Boolean(r.source_system))
+    && (!query.trim() || `${r.title || ''} ${r.slug || ''}`.toLowerCase().includes(query.trim().toLowerCase()))), [rows, query, status, source])
+  const allShownSelected = shown.length > 0 && shown.every(r => selected.includes(r.id))
+
+  /** Runs one change, shows its outcome, and reloads the list. */
+  const run = async (work: () => Promise<any>, done: string) => {
+    setBusy(true)
+    try {
+      const j = await work()
+      if (j?.code !== 0) { setNotice({ text: j?.msg || '操作没有完成，请稍后重试', error: true }); return false }
+      setNotice({ text: done }); await load(); return true
+    } catch (e: any) { setNotice({ text: e.message || '网络异常，请稍后重试', error: true }); return false }
+    finally { setBusy(false) }
+  }
+  const remove = (r: Row) => {
+    const note = r.source_system ? '\n这篇文章来自内容系统，删除后可以在内容系统里重新发布。' : ''
+    if (!confirm(`确定删除《${r.title}》？删除后网站上不再显示。${note}`)) return
+    setSelected(selected.filter(id => id !== r.id))
+    void run(() => api('/api/cms/articles/' + r.id, token, { method: 'DELETE' }), '文章已删除')
+  }
+  const removeSelected = () => {
+    if (!selected.length || !confirm(`确定删除选中的 ${selected.length} 篇文章？删除后网站上不再显示。`)) return
+    const ids = selected
+    setSelected([])
+    void run(() => api('/api/cms/articles/batch-delete', token, { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ ids }) }), `已删除 ${ids.length} 篇文章`)
+  }
+  const toggle = (r: Row) => {
+    const next = r.status === 'published' ? 'draft' : 'published'
+    void run(() => api('/api/cms/articles/' + r.id, token, { method: 'PUT', body: JSON.stringify({ status: next }) }), next === 'published' ? '文章已上线' : '文章已下线，网站上不再显示')
+  }
+  const edit = async (r: Row) => {
+    const j = await api('/api/cms/articles/' + r.id, token)
+    if (j.code !== 0) { setNotice({ text: j.msg || '文章读取失败', error: true }); return }
+    const a = j.data
+    setEditing({ id: a.id, title: a.title || '', slug: a.slug || '', subtitle: a.subtitle || '', category: a.category || '', cover_url: a.cover_url || '', body_plain: a.body_plain || '',
+      publish_time: toInput(a.publish_time), recommend_weight: Number(a.recommend_weight) || 0, status: a.status || 'draft', fromSystem: Boolean(a.source_system) })
+  }
+  const save = async () => {
+    if (!editing) return
+    if (!editing.title.trim()) { setNotice({ text: '标题不能为空', error: true }); return }
+    const { id, fromSystem, ...fields } = editing
+    const data = { ...fields, title: fields.title.trim(), slug: fields.slug.trim() || undefined, publish_time: fields.publish_time ? new Date(fields.publish_time).toISOString() : '' }
+    const ok = await run(() => api(id ? '/api/cms/articles/' + id : '/api/cms/articles', token, { method: id ? 'PUT' : 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(data) }), id ? '修改已保存，网站上立即生效' : '文章已新增')
+    if (ok) setEditing(null)
+  }
+  const upload = (e: any) => {
+    const file = e.target.files?.[0]; if (!file || !editing) return
+    const fd = new FormData(); fd.append('file', file)
+    fetch('/api/cms/upload', { method: 'POST', headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer ' + token }, body: fd }).then(r => r.json())
+      .then(j => { if (j.code === 0) setEditing(d => d && { ...d, cover_url: j.data.url }); else setNotice({ text: j.msg || '图片上传失败', error: true }) })
+  }
+
+  return <div className="card">
+    {notice && <div className={'notice' + (notice.error ? ' error' : '')} role="status">{notice.text}{notice.error && <button onClick={() => setNotice(null)}>知道了</button>}</div>}
+    <div className="article-toolbar">
+      <input type="search" placeholder="搜索标题或路径标识" value={query} onChange={e => setQuery(e.target.value)} />
+      <select value={status} onChange={e => setStatus(e.target.value)}><option value="all">全部状态</option><option value="published">已发布</option><option value="draft">未发布</option></select>
+      <select value={source} onChange={e => setSource(e.target.value)}><option value="all">全部来源</option><option value="system">内容系统发布</option><option value="manual">后台手动添加</option></select>
+      <span className="article-count">共 {shown.length} 篇</span>
+      <button className="btn btn-ghost" disabled={!selected.length || busy} onClick={removeSelected}>批量删除{selected.length ? `（${selected.length}）` : ''}</button>
+      <button className="btn" onClick={() => setEditing(empty())}>新增文章</button>
+    </div>
+    <p className="hint">网站按“推荐权重”从大到小排列，权重相同时按发布时间从新到旧。内容系统发布的文章，在内容系统里再次发布会覆盖这里的修改。</p>
+    <table className="table article-table">
+      <thead><tr>
+        <th style={{ width: 32 }}><input type="checkbox" aria-label="全选" checked={allShownSelected} onChange={() => setSelected(allShownSelected ? selected.filter(id => !shown.some(r => r.id === id)) : Array.from(new Set([...selected, ...shown.map(r => r.id)])))} /></th>
+        <th>标题</th><th>来源</th><th>状态</th><th>发布时间</th><th>推荐权重</th><th>操作</th>
+      </tr></thead>
+      <tbody>
+        {shown.map(r => <tr key={r.id}>
+          <td><input type="checkbox" aria-label={`选择《${r.title}》`} checked={selected.includes(r.id)} onChange={() => setSelected(selected.includes(r.id) ? selected.filter(id => id !== r.id) : [...selected, r.id])} /></td>
+          <td className="article-title"><strong>{r.title || '未命名文章'}</strong><small>{[r.category, r.body_length ? `约 ${r.body_length} 字` : ''].filter(Boolean).join(' · ')}</small></td>
+          <td><span className={'tag' + (r.source_system ? '' : ' muted')}>{r.source_system ? '内容系统' : '手动添加'}</span></td>
+          <td><span className={'tag ' + (r.status === 'published' ? 'ok' : 'off')}>{STATUS[r.status] || r.status}</span></td>
+          <td className="nowrap">{toText(r.publish_time)}</td>
+          <td>{r.recommend_weight || 0}</td>
+          <td className="article-actions">
+            <button disabled={busy} onClick={() => void edit(r)}>编辑</button>
+            {r.status === 'published' && <a href={`${SITE}/insights/${encodeURIComponent(r.slug)}`} target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">查看</a>}
+            <button disabled={busy} onClick={() => toggle(r)}>{r.status === 'published' ? '下线' : '上线'}</button>
+            <button className="danger" disabled={busy} onClick={() => remove(r)}>删除</button>
+          </td>
+        </tr>)}
+        {!loading && !shown.length && <tr><td colSpan={7} className="empty">没有符合条件的文章</td></tr>}
+        {loading && <tr><td colSpan={7} className="empty">正在读取文章…</td></tr>}
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+
+    {editing && <div className="drawer-backdrop" onMouseDown={e => { if (e.target === e.currentTarget) setEditing(null) }}>
+      <div className="drawer" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-label={editing.id ? '编辑文章' : '新增文章'}>
+        <header><h3>{editing.id ? '编辑文章' : '新增文章'}</h3><button className="btn btn-ghost" onClick={() => setEditing(null)}>关闭</button></header>
+        {editing.fromSystem && <p className="warn">这篇文章来自内容系统。这里的修改立即生效，但内容系统再次发布同一篇文章时会覆盖这里的修改。</p>}
+        <div className="field"><label>标题*</label><input value={editing.title} onChange={e => setEditing({ ...editing, title: e.target.value })} /></div>
+        <div className="field"><label>摘要（列表和分享时显示）</label><textarea value={editing.subtitle} onChange={e => setEditing({ ...editing, subtitle: e.target.value })} /></div>
+        <div className="field"><label>正文（每段之间换行；约 {editing.body_plain.replace(/\s/g, '').length} 字）</label><textarea className="body" value={editing.body_plain} onChange={e => setEditing({ ...editing, body_plain: e.target.value })} /></div>
+        <div className="form-row">
+          <div className="field"><label>分类</label><input value={editing.category} onChange={e => setEditing({ ...editing, category: e.target.value })} /></div>
+          <div className="field"><label>路径标识（网址中的名字，留空自动生成）</label><input value={editing.slug} onChange={e => setEditing({ ...editing, slug: e.target.value })} /></div>
+        </div>
+        <div className="form-row">
+          <div className="field"><label>发布时间（留空则上线时用当前时间）</label><input type="datetime-local" value={editing.publish_time} onChange={e => setEditing({ ...editing, publish_time: e.target.value })} /></div>
+          <div className="field"><label>推荐权重（越大越靠前，一般填 0）</label><input type="number" value={editing.recommend_weight} onChange={e => setEditing({ ...editing, recommend_weight: Number(e.target.value) })} /></div>
+        </div>
+        <div className="form-row">
+          <div className="field"><label>状态</label><select value={editing.status} onChange={e => setEditing({ ...editing, status: e.target.value })}><option value="published">已发布</option><option value="draft">未发布</option></select></div>
+          <div className="field"><label>封面图</label><input type="file" accept="image/*" onChange={upload} /></div>
+        </div>
+        {editing.cover_url && <div className="cover"><img src={editing.cover_url} alt="封面预览" /><button className="btn btn-ghost" onClick={() => setEditing({ ...editing, cover_url: '' })}>移除封面</button></div>}
+        <div className="drawer-actions"><button className="btn" disabled={busy} onClick={() => void save()}>{busy ? '保存中…' : '保存'}</button><button className="btn btn-ghost" onClick={() => setEditing(null)}>取消</button></div>
+      </div>
+    </div>}
+  </div>
+}
diff --git a/cms/admin/src/style.css b/cms/admin/src/style.css
index 36292a2..9b449f6 100644
--- a/cms/admin/src/style.css
+++ b/cms/admin/src/style.css
@@ -25,3 +25,36 @@ a{color:#163E70;text-decoration:none}
 .topbar{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:16px}
 .hint{font-size:12px;color:#64748b;line-height:1.7;margin:-4px 0 12px}
 .editor-block{border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:8px;padding:14px;margin:12px 0;background:#fbfdff}
+/* 认知观察：文章管理 */
+.btn:disabled,.article-actions button:disabled{opacity:.45;cursor:not-allowed}
+.article-toolbar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-bottom:12px}
+.article-toolbar input,.article-toolbar select{height:36px;padding:0 10px;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:6px;font-size:13px;background:#fff}
+.article-toolbar input{flex:1 1 220px}
+.article-count{margin-left:auto;font-size:12px;color:#64748b}
+.article-table td{vertical-align:middle}
+.article-table tbody tr:hover{background:#f8fafc}
+.article-title strong{display:block;font-weight:600;max-width:420px}
+.article-title small{display:block;margin-top:3px;color:#94a3b8;font-size:12px}
+.nowrap{white-space:nowrap;color:#475569}
+.tag.muted{background:#f1f5f9;color:#64748b}
+.tag.ok{background:#dcfce7;color:#166534}
+.tag.off{background:#fee2e2;color:#991b1b}
+.article-actions{white-space:nowrap}
+.article-actions button,.article-actions a{display:inline-block;margin-right:6px;padding:4px 10px;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:6px;background:#fff;color:#163E70;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer}
+.article-actions button:hover,.article-actions a:hover{border-color:#163E70}
+.article-actions .danger{color:#b91c1c}
+.article-actions .danger:hover{border-color:#b91c1c}
+.table .empty{padding:32px;text-align:center;color:#94a3b8}
+.notice{position:fixed;top:16px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);z-index:60;display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;padding:10px 16px;border-radius:8px;background:#163E70;color:#fff;font-size:13px;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(15,23,42,.18)}
+.notice.error{background:#b91c1c}
+.notice button{border:0;background:rgba(255,255,255,.2);color:#fff;border-radius:4px;padding:2px 8px;cursor:pointer}
+.drawer-backdrop{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:50;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;background:rgba(15,23,42,.35)}
+.drawer{width:min(760px,100%);height:100%;overflow-y:auto;background:#fff;padding:20px 24px}
+.drawer header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:14px}
+.drawer header h3{margin:0}
+.drawer textarea.body{min-height:360px;line-height:1.8}
+.drawer .warn{margin-bottom:12px;padding:8px 12px;border-radius:6px;background:#fef3c7;color:#92400e;font-size:12px}
+.drawer .cover{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:12px}
+.drawer .cover img{width:160px;height:100px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid #e2e8f0}
+.drawer-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;position:sticky;bottom:-20px;padding:12px 0;background:#fff;border-top:1px solid #e2e8f0}
+@media (max-width:700px){.drawer .form-row{grid-template-columns:1fr}.article-count{margin-left:0}}
diff --git a/cms/server/src/article-admin.js b/cms/server/src/article-admin.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c1edd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cms/server/src/article-admin.js
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { plainTextToParagraphHtml } from './content-ingest.js';
+
+// Article editing from the admin. The website shows body_plain as paragraphs (content_html only when
+// body_plain is empty), so the two are always saved together: plain text is what gets edited.
+const EDITABLE = ['slug', 'title', 'subtitle', 'category', 'cover_url', 'publish_time', 'recommend_weight', 'status'];
+export const MAX_BATCH = 200;
+
+export class ArticleAdminError extends Error {
+  constructor(status, message) {
+    super(message);
+    this.status = status;
+  }
+}
+
+const ENTITIES = { '&nbsp;': ' ', '&lt;': '<', '&gt;': '>', '&quot;': '"', '&#39;': "'", '&amp;': '&' };
+
+/** Paragraph text of an article's HTML, for articles that have no body_plain yet. */
+export function htmlToPlainText(html) {
+  return String(html || '')
+    .replace(/<\s*br\s*\/?>/gi, '\n')
+    .replace(/<\/(p|div|h[1-6]|li|blockquote|section)>/gi, '\n')
+    .replace(/<[^>]+>/g, '')
+    .replace(/&(nbsp|lt|gt|quot|#39|amp);/g, (entity) => ENTITIES[entity])
+    .split('\n')
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join('\n');
+}
+
+/** Columns to change for an admin edit. Fields the request leaves out keep their current value. */
+export function articleChanges(body, current, now) {
+  const changes = {};
+  for (const key of EDITABLE) if (body[key] !== undefined) changes[key] = body[key];
+  if (changes.title !== undefined && !String(changes.title || '').trim()) throw new ArticleAdminError(400, '标题不能为空');
+  if (changes.slug !== undefined && !String(changes.slug || '').trim()) throw new ArticleAdminError(400, '路径标识不能为空');
+  if (changes.recommend_weight !== undefined) changes.recommend_weight = Number(changes.recommend_weight) || 0;
+  if (changes.publish_time === '') changes.publish_time = null;
+
+  if (body.body_plain !== undefined) {
+    const text = String(body.body_plain || '').replace(/\r\n?/g, '\n');
+    changes.body_plain = text;
+    changes.content_html = plainTextToParagraphHtml(text);
+  } else if (body.content_html !== undefined) {
+    changes.content_html = String(body.content_html || '');
+    changes.body_plain = htmlToPlainText(changes.content_html);
+  }
+
+  // Going live without a publish time: now.
+  const status = changes.status ?? current?.status;
+  const publishTime = changes.publish_time !== undefined ? changes.publish_time : current?.publish_time;
+  if (status === 'published' && !publishTime) changes.publish_time = now;
+  return changes;
+}
+
+function duplicateSlug(error) {
+  return error?.code === 'ER_DUP_ENTRY' ? new ArticleAdminError(409, '路径标识已被其他文章使用，请换一个') : error;
+}
+
+export async function updateArticle(tx, id, body, now = new Date().toISOString()) {
+  const current = await tx.one(`SELECT id, status, publish_time FROM articles WHERE id=? FOR UPDATE`, [id]);
+  if (!current) throw new ArticleAdminError(404, '文章不存在，可能已被删除');
+  const changes = articleChanges(body, current, now);
+  const columns = Object.keys(changes);
+  try {
+    await tx.execute(`UPDATE articles SET ${[...columns.map((key) => `${key}=?`), 'updated_at=?'].join(', ')} WHERE id=?`,
+      [...columns.map((key) => changes[key]), now, id]);
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw duplicateSlug(error);
+  }
+  return tx.one(`SELECT * FROM articles WHERE id=?`, [id]);
+}
+
+export async function createArticle(tx, id, body, now = new Date().toISOString()) {
+  if (!String(body.title || '').trim()) throw new ArticleAdminError(400, '标题必填');
+  const changes = articleChanges({ status: 'published', ...body, slug: body.slug || `art-${Date.now()}` }, null, now);
+  const columns = ['id', ...Object.keys(changes), 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
+  try {
+    await tx.execute(`INSERT INTO articles (${columns.join(', ')}) VALUES (${columns.map(() => '?').join(',')})`,
+      [id, ...Object.values(changes), now, now]);
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw duplicateSlug(error);
+  }
+  return tx.one(`SELECT id, slug FROM articles WHERE id=?`, [id]);
+}
+
+/** Deletes articles and their content-system publication records, so the content system can publish them again. */
+export async function deleteArticles(tx, ids) {
+  const list = [...new Set((Array.isArray(ids) ? ids : []).filter((id) => typeof id === 'string' && id))];
+  if (!list.length) throw new ArticleAdminError(400, '请选择要删除的文章');
+  if (list.length > MAX_BATCH) throw new ArticleAdminError(400, `一次最多删除 ${MAX_BATCH} 篇`);
+  const marks = list.map(() => '?').join(',');
+  await tx.execute(`DELETE FROM article_ingest_requests WHERE article_id IN (${marks})`, list);
+  const result = await tx.execute(`DELETE FROM articles WHERE id IN (${marks})`, list);
+  return result?.affectedRows ?? 0;
+}
diff --git a/cms/server/src/index.js b/cms/server/src/index.js
index f09f315..1feeef4 100644
--- a/cms/server/src/index.js
+++ b/cms/server/src/index.js
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import multer from 'multer';
 import bcrypt from 'bcryptjs';
 import crypto from 'crypto';
 import PDFDocument from 'pdfkit';
-import { initDB, getDB, UPLOAD_DIR } from './db.js';
+import { initDB, getDB, UPLOAD_DIR, withTransaction } from './db.js';
+import { createArticle, deleteArticles, htmlToPlainText, updateArticle } from './article-admin.js';
 import { signToken, verifyToken, authMiddleware } from './middleware/auth.js';
 import { createContentIngestRouter } from './content-ingest.js';
 import { sendContactLeadToWeCom } from './wecom-notifier.js';
@@ -295,21 +296,31 @@ app.put('/api/cms/cases/:id', (req,res)=>{
 app.delete('/api/cms/cases/:id', (req,res)=> db.run(`DELETE FROM cases WHERE id=?`,[req.params.id], e=> res.json({code:0,msg:'删除成功'})));
 
 // 文章
-app.get('/api/cms/articles', (req,res)=> db.all(`SELECT * FROM articles ORDER BY recommend_weight DESC, publish_time DESC, created_at DESC`, (e,r)=> res.json({code:0,data:r})));
-app.get('/api/cms/articles/:id', (req,res)=> db.get(`SELECT * FROM articles WHERE id=?`,[req.params.id], (e,r)=> res.json({code:0,data:r})));
-app.post('/api/cms/articles', (req,res)=>{
-  const b=req.body; if(!b.title) return res.status(400).json({code:400,msg:'标题必填'});
-  const id=genId('art');
-  const slug = b.slug || `art-${Date.now()}`;
-  db.run(`INSERT INTO articles (id, slug, title, subtitle, category, cover_url, content_html, publish_time, recommend_weight, status, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)`,
-    [id,slug,b.title,b.subtitle,b.category,b.cover_url,b.content_html,b.publish_time||nowISO(),b.recommend_weight||0,b.status||'published',nowISO(),nowISO()], e=> res.json({code:0,data:{id,slug}}));
+const ARTICLE_LIST_COLUMNS = `id, slug, title, subtitle, category, cover_url, publish_time, recommend_weight, status, source_system, revision, created_at, updated_at, CHAR_LENGTH(COALESCE(NULLIF(body_plain, ''), content_html, '')) AS body_length`;
+const articleError = (res, error) => res.status(error.status || 500).json({ code: error.status || 500, msg: error.status ? error.message : `操作没有完成：${error.message}` });
+app.get('/api/cms/articles', (req,res)=> db.all(`SELECT ${ARTICLE_LIST_COLUMNS} FROM articles ORDER BY recommend_weight DESC, publish_time DESC, created_at DESC`, (e,r)=> e ? articleError(res, e) : res.json({code:0,data:r})));
+app.get('/api/cms/articles/:id', (req,res)=> db.get(`SELECT * FROM articles WHERE id=?`,[req.params.id], (e,r)=> {
+  if (e) return articleError(res, e);
+  if (!r) return res.status(404).json({code:404,msg:'文章不存在，可能已被删除'});
+  res.json({code:0,data:{...r, body_plain: r.body_plain || htmlToPlainText(r.content_html)}});
+}));
+app.post('/api/cms/articles', async (req,res)=>{
+  try { res.json({code:0,data: await withTransaction(tx => createArticle(tx, genId('art'), req.body || {}, nowISO()))}); }
+  catch (error) { articleError(res, error); }
 });
-app.put('/api/cms/articles/:id', (req,res)=>{
-  const b=req.body;
-  db.run(`UPDATE articles SET slug=?, title=?, subtitle=?, category=?, cover_url=?, content_html=?, publish_time=?, recommend_weight=?, status=?, updated_at=? WHERE id=?`,
-    [b.slug,b.title,b.subtitle,b.category,b.cover_url,b.content_html,b.publish_time,b.recommend_weight,b.status,nowISO(),req.params.id], e=> res.json({code:0,msg:'更新成功'}));
+app.post('/api/cms/articles/batch-delete', async (req,res)=>{
+  try { const deleted = await withTransaction(tx => deleteArticles(tx, req.body?.ids)); res.json({code:0,msg:`已删除 ${deleted} 篇`,data:{deleted}}); }
+  catch (error) { articleError(res, error); }
+});
+// Only the fields sent are changed, so a status toggle does not wipe the rest of the article.
+app.put('/api/cms/articles/:id', async (req,res)=>{
+  try { res.json({code:0,msg:'更新成功',data: await withTransaction(tx => updateArticle(tx, req.params.id, req.body || {}, nowISO()))}); }
+  catch (error) { articleError(res, error); }
+});
+app.delete('/api/cms/articles/:id', async (req,res)=>{
+  try { await withTransaction(tx => deleteArticles(tx, [req.params.id])); res.json({code:0,msg:'删除成功'}); }
+  catch (error) { articleError(res, error); }
 });
-app.delete('/api/cms/articles/:id', (req,res)=> db.run(`DELETE FROM articles WHERE id=?`,[req.params.id], e=> res.json({code:0,msg:'删除成功'})));
 
 // 自我对照
 app.get('/api/cms/self-check', (req,res)=> db.get(`SELECT * FROM self_check WHERE id=1`, (e,r)=> res.json({code:0,data:r})));
diff --git a/cms/server/test/article-admin.test.js b/cms/server/test/article-admin.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcc1eb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cms/server/test/article-admin.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { test } from 'node:test';
+import { ArticleAdminError, articleChanges, createArticle, deleteArticles, htmlToPlainText, updateArticle } from '../src/article-admin.js';
+
+const NOW = '2026-10-19T08:00:00.000Z';
+
+class FakeTx {
+  constructor(rows = {}) {
+    this.rows = rows;
+    this.statements = [];
+  }
+
+  async one(sql, params) {
+    this.statements.push([sql, params]);
+    return this.rows[params[0]] || null;
+  }
+
+  async execute(sql, params) {
+    this.statements.push([sql, params]);
+    return { affectedRows: params.length };
+  }
+}
+
+test('a status toggle changes only the status', () => {
+  const changes = articleChanges({ status: 'draft' }, { status: 'published', publish_time: NOW }, NOW);
+  assert.deepEqual(changes, { status: 'draft' });
+});
+
+test('editing the plain body keeps the HTML body in step', () => {
+  const changes = articleChanges({ body_plain: '第一段\r\n\r\n<第二段> & 结尾' }, { status: 'draft' }, NOW);
+  assert.equal(changes.body_plain, '第一段\n\n<第二段> & 结尾');
+  assert.equal(changes.content_html, '<p>第一段</p>\n<p>&lt;第二段&gt; &amp; 结尾</p>');
+});
+
+test('an HTML-only edit refreshes the plain body the website shows', () => {
+  const changes = articleChanges({ content_html: '<p>新的一段</p><p>A&amp;B<br>换行</p>' }, { status: 'draft' }, NOW);
+  assert.equal(changes.body_plain, '新的一段\nA&B\n换行');
+});
+
+test('going live without a publish time uses now; an existing time is kept', () => {
+  assert.equal(articleChanges({ status: 'published' }, { status: 'draft', publish_time: null }, NOW).publish_time, NOW);
+  assert.equal(articleChanges({ status: 'published' }, { status: 'draft', publish_time: '2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z' }, NOW).publish_time, undefined);
+  assert.equal(articleChanges({ status: 'published', publish_time: '' }, { status: 'draft', publish_time: '2026-01-01' }, NOW).publish_time, NOW);
+});
+
+test('an empty title or slug is refused', () => {
+  assert.throws(() => articleChanges({ title: '  ' }, {}, NOW), ArticleAdminError);
+  assert.throws(() => articleChanges({ slug: '' }, {}, NOW), ArticleAdminError);
+});
+
+test('htmlToPlainText handles empty values', () => {
+  assert.equal(htmlToPlainText(null), '');
+  assert.equal(htmlToPlainText('<div>一</div><div>二</div>'), '一\n二');
+});
+
+test('updating writes only the changed columns', async () => {
+  const tx = new FakeTx({ a1: { id: 'a1', status: 'published', publish_time: NOW } });
+  await updateArticle(tx, 'a1', { title: '新标题' }, NOW);
+  const [sql, params] = tx.statements.find(([statement]) => statement.startsWith('UPDATE'));
+  assert.equal(sql, 'UPDATE articles SET title=?, updated_at=? WHERE id=?');
+  assert.deepEqual(params, ['新标题', NOW, 'a1']);
+});
+
+test('updating a missing article is a 404', async () => {
+  await assert.rejects(updateArticle(new FakeTx(), 'gone', { title: 'x' }, NOW), (error) => error.status === 404);
+});
+
+test('a duplicate slug becomes a readable 409', async () => {
+  const tx = new FakeTx({ a1: { id: 'a1', status: 'draft' } });
+  tx.execute = async () => { throw Object.assign(new Error('dup'), { code: 'ER_DUP_ENTRY' }); };
+  await assert.rejects(updateArticle(tx, 'a1', { slug: 'taken' }, NOW), (error) => error.status === 409);
+});
+
+test('creating saves plain and HTML bodies and defaults to published now', async () => {
+  const tx = new FakeTx();
+  await createArticle(tx, 'a2', { title: '标题', body_plain: '正文' }, NOW);
+  const [sql, params] = tx.statements.find(([statement]) => statement.startsWith('INSERT'));
+  const columns = sql.match(/\(([^)]+)\) VALUES/)[1].split(', ');
+  const row = Object.fromEntries(columns.map((column, index) => [column, params[index]]));
+  assert.equal(row.status, 'published');
+  assert.equal(row.publish_time, NOW);
+  assert.equal(row.body_plain, '正文');
+  assert.equal(row.content_html, '<p>正文</p>');
+  assert.match(row.slug, /^art-\d+$/);
+});
+
+test('deleting also removes the content-system publication records', async () => {
+  const tx = new FakeTx();
+  const deleted = await deleteArticles(tx, ['a1', 'a2', 'a1', 3]);
+  assert.equal(deleted, 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(tx.statements.map(([sql]) => sql), [
+    'DELETE FROM article_ingest_requests WHERE article_id IN (?,?)',
+    'DELETE FROM articles WHERE id IN (?,?)',
+  ]);
+  await assert.rejects(deleteArticles(tx, []), (error) => error.status === 400);
+  await assert.rejects(deleteArticles(tx, Array.from({ length: 201 }, (_, i) => `a${i}`)), (error) => error.status === 400);
+});